Eye Allergies

Eye allergies occur when a substance to which you are sensitive comes into contact with your eyes and causes irritation and redness. These types of substances are called allergens. Most allergens are carried in the air, but can also be transferred through contact. Airborne allergens include pollen, mold, dust and pet dander. Other causes of allergies, such as certain foods or bee stings, do not typically affect the eyes the way airborne allergens do. Adverse reactions to certain cosmetics or drugs such as antibiotic eyedrops also may cause eye allergies.

Seasonal allergic conjunctivitis (SAC) is the most common form of eye allergy, with grass and ragweed pollens being the most important seasonal triggers. Perennial allergic conjunctivitis (PAC) is also very common, with animal dander, feathers and dust mites being the most important triggers.

Signs and Symptoms

• Red, swollen, tearing or itchy eyes
• Runny nose, sneezing, coughing;
• Difficulty breathing
• Itchy nose, mouth or throat
• Headache from sinus congestion

Detection and Diagnosis

The diagnosis of allergic conjunctivitis is made with a history of symptoms suggestive of eye allergies, an examination with findings consistent with conjunctivitis, and allergy testing showing seasonal or perennial allergies. A response to typical medications is helpful in the ultimate diagnosis of allergic eye disease, and failure to respond to medications may lead to a search for a different diagnosis.

Treatment

Try to avoid what's causing your eye allergy. Keep your home free of pet dander and dust, and stay inside with the air conditioner on when a lot of pollen is in the air. Over-the-counter and prescription medication may alleviate the symptoms. Antihistamines relieve many symptoms caused by airborne allergens, such as itchy, watery eyes, runny nose and sneezing.